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__NOTOC__ Abriea "Abbie" Mitchell Cook (25 September 1884 – 16 March 1960), also billed as Abbey Mitchell, was an American soprano opera singer who sang the role of "Clara" in the premier production of George Gershwin's ''Porgy and Bess'' in 1935, and was also the first to record "Summertime" from that musical. Mitchell was the daughter of an African-American mother and a Jewish-German father from New York City's Lower East Side.〔D. C. Hine, ed., ''Black Women in America, An Historical Encyclopedia''. Carlson Publishing Inc., 1993. ISBN 0-926019-61-9.〕 She was reared by a maternal aunt, Alice Payne, in Baltimore, Maryland, where she attended a convent school.〔"(Abbie Mitchell )", in ''Notable Black American Women'', Book 1. Gale Research, 1992.〕 After finishing her school education in Baltimore, she started studying voice in New York in 1897. The next year composer Will Marion Cook and lyricist Paul L. Dunbar cast her in their musical comedy ''Clorindy; or, the Origin of the Cakewalk''. It was so successful that it ran for the whole season at the Casino Roof Garden.〔 She married Cook a year later, and appeared in the lead role in his ''Jes Lak White Folks'' (1899). She also appeared in his production ''The Southerners'' (1904).〔 Cook and Mitchell had a daughter, Marion Abigail Cook, in 1900, and a son, Will Mercer Cook, in 1903.〔 Their daughter, raised by family members as had been Mitchell herself,〔 married dancer Louis Douglas.〔Bernard L. Peterson, ''Profiles of African American stage performers and theatre people, 1816-1960''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001. (Page 61 ).〕〔Ethel Waters and Charles Samuels, ''His Eye Is on the Sparrow: An Autobiography''. Da Capo Press, 1992. (Page 189 ).〕〔David A. Goldfarb, "(Douglas, Marion (1920-) )".〕 Their son became a professor at Howard University and United States Ambassador to Niger and Senegal.〔"(Mercer Cook )", Answers.com.〕〔"(Mercer Cook Biography )", 'The History Makers''.〕 In London she premiered the principal role in the 1903 musical ''In Dahomey'', produced by the team of George Walker and Bert Williams, with music composed by her husband Cook. The cakewalk, considered old fashioned by the cast, was almost cut from the show,〔Will Marion Cook, Thomas Laurence Riis and Paul Laurence Dunbar, ''The music and scripts of "In Dahomey"''. A-R Editions, 1996. (Page xl ).〕 but proved popular with audiences and became a fad in the United Kingdom.〔 Mitchell received international acclaim for her performance, and was invited to appear at a command performance for King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra at Buckingham Palace. Mitchell later performed with the Black Patti's Troubadours, and in the operetta ''The Red Moon'' (1908) by Bob Cole and J. Rosamond Johnson. In 1913, she appeared in the unfinished film ''Lime Kiln Field Day'' with Bert Williams, and produced by Klaw and Erlanger.〔(Still of Mitchell in ''Lime Kiln Field Day'' at CBS News )〕 In 1919, Mitchell went to Europe with Cook's Southern Syncopated Orchestra. In New York, she appeared on the concert stage and in opera. Mitchell's 1935 appearance in ''Porgy and Bess'' was her last musical role on the stage, after which "she taught and coached many singers in New York and appeared in many 'spoken' dramatic roles on the stage."〔Darryl Glenn Nettles, ''African American concert singers before 1950''. McFarland, 2003. (Page 115 ).〕 She performed in New York and taught at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Lee De Forest made a short film ''Songs of Yesteryear'' (1922) of Mitchell singing, using his DeForest Phonofilm sound-on-film process. This film is preserved in the Maurice Zouary film collection at the Library of Congress. Mitchell died in New York on 16 March 1960. ==Notes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abbie Mitchell」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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